The article traces genesis and changes of the concept of political responsibility in the practices in which it is used. It highlights three episodes: the birth of the concept of political responsibility in the wake of the democratic revolutions in France and North America, using the example of Benjamin Constant’s “responsibility of ministers”; the subjectivation and moralisation of the concept in Max Weber and Karl Jaspers; finally, the change indicated by the advent of the “responsibility to protect”. In each case, the use of the concept of political responsibility deploys a moral relation to self to limit and constitute agency. Thus, the concept of political responsibility reveals itself to be a technique for making and moulding subjects.